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Propylthiouracil (PTU)

Selected References:

  • Akmal A, Kung J. 2014. Propylthiouracil, and methimazole, and carbimazole-related hepatotoxicity. Expert Opin Drug Saf 13(10):1397-1406.
  • Alexander EK, et al. 2017. 2017 Guidelines of the American Thyroid Association for the diagnosis and management of thyroid disease during pregnancy and the postpartum. Thyroid 27(3):315-389.
  • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecology. 2020. Thyroid disease in pregnancy. ACOG Practice Bulletin, Number 223. Obstet Gynecol 135(6):e261-e274.
  • Andersen SL, et al. 2013. Birth Defects after early pregnancy use of antithyroid drugs: A Danish nationwide study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 98(11):4374-4381.
  • Andersen SL, et al. 2017. Birth Defects after early pregnancy use of antithyroid drugs: A Swedish nationwide study. Euro J Endocrinol 177(4):369-378.
  • Andersen SL and Andersen S. 2020. Antithyroid drugs and birth defects. Thyroid Res. 13:11.
  • Bahn RS, et al. 2009. The role of propylthiouracil in the management of Graves’ disease in adults: Report of a meeting jointly sponsored by the American Thyroid Association and the Food and Drug Administration. Thyroid 19(7):673-674.
  • Burrow GN, et al. 1968. Children exposed in utero to propylthiouracil. Subsequent intellectual and physical development. Am J Dis Child 116: 161-166.
  • Burrow GN et al. 1978. Intellectual Development in Children Whose Mothers Received Propylthiouracil During Pregnancy. Yale J Biol Med. 51(2): 151–156.
  • Burrow GN, Boro ES. 1978. Hyperthyroidism during Pregnancy. N Engl J Med 298(3):150-153.
  • Cuff, RD. 2019. Hyperthyroidism during pregnancy: A clinical approach. Clin Obstet Gynecol 62(2):320-329.
  • Einstein Z, et al. 1992. Intellectual capacity of subjects exposed to methimazole or propylthiouracil in utero. Eur J Pediatr 151:558-559.
  • Gianetti E, et al. 2015. Pregnancy outcome in women treated with methimazole or propylthiouracil during pregnancy. J Endocrinol Invest 38(9):977-985.
  • Glinoer D, Cooper DS. 2012. The propylthiouracil dilemma. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 19(5):402-407.
  • Heidari R, et al. 2015. An overview on the proposed mechanisms of antithyroid drug-induced liver injury. Adv Pharm Bull 5(1):1-11.
  • Howley MM, et al. 2017. Thyroid medication use and birth defects in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study. Birth Defects Res 109(18):1471-1481.
  • Hudzik B, Zubelewicz-Szkodzinska B. 2016. Antithyroid drugs during breastfeeding. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 85(6):827-830.
  • Kancherla V, et al. 2014. Descriptive and risk factor analysis for choanal atresia: The National Birth Defects Prevention Study, 1997-2007. Eur J Med Genet 57(5):220-229.
  • Miao Y, et al. 2022. Efficacy of propylthiouracil in the treatment of pregnancy with hyperthyroidism and its effect on pregnancy outcomes: A meta-analysis. PLoS ONE 17(3): e0265085.
  • Miyamura T, et al. 2013. Acute liver failure associated with propylthiouracil in a pregnant 26-year-old woman. Case Rep Gastroenterol 7(2):240-244.
  • Prunty JJ, et al. 2016. Graves’ disease pharmacotherapy in women of reproductive age. Pharmacotherapy 36(1):64-83.
  • Romeo AF and Obican SG. 2020. Teratogen Update: Antithyroid Medications. Birth Defects Res. 112(15):1150-1170.
  • Seo GH, et al. 2018. Antithyroid drugs and congenital malformations: A nationwide Korean cohort study. Ann Intern Med 168(6):405-413.
  • Sequeira E, et al. 2011. Severe propylthiouracil-induced hepatotoxicity in pregnancy managed successfully by liver transplantation: A case report. J Med Case Rep 5:461.
  • Taylor P, et al. 2012. A case of propylthiouracil-induced hepatitis during pregnancy. Eur Thyroid J 1(1)41-44.
  • Tonacchera M, et al. 2020. Treatment of Graves’ hyperthyroidism with thionamides: a position paper on indications and safety in pregnancy. J Endocrinol Invest. 43(2):257-265. 

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